Roles of Personal, Household, Physical, and Institutional Factors on Farmers’ Efficiency of Hybrid Maize Production: Implications for Food Security

This study explored the multifaceted factors influencing efficiency of hybrid maize production and investigated possible implications for food security. The adopted a comprehensive approach, examining personal, household, physical, institutional that affect farmers’ productivity. Findings revealed technical, allocative, economic efficiencies through combination field surveys, data analysis, econometric modeling. mean scores sampled farms were 0.89, 0.66, 0.59, respectively. Moreover, result Tobit regression analysis showed high significance all three efficiencies. significant associated with technical farm size, age farming experience, area, distance from to main market, number visits by extension workers, credit access, Okara district. In addition, districts (Sahiwal Okara), farmers, regional disparity district) had substantial influences on allocative inefficiencies in maize-growing farms. Policymakers agricultural stakeholders can develop focused strategies improve productivity overall security identifying key production. Tailored interventions address knowledge gaps, resource allocation, provide improved support help make systems more sustainable resilient.